发 音 hòu lái jū shàng
释 义 居:处于。后来的超过先前的。有以称赞后起之秀超过前辈。
出 处 西汉·司马迁《史记·汲郑列传》汲黯对汉武帝说:“陛下用群臣，如积薪耳，后来者居上。”
示 例 今老矣，乐不预少年文酒之会，~，又不知其为谁?(清·纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷二十四)
用 法 主谓式;作谓语、定语;指后者胜前者
近义词 青出于蓝
反义词 一代不如一代
歇后语 刀茅变枪炮
灯 谜 砌墙;迭罗汉;一楼客满;武则天称帝
【典故】汉武帝时，朝中有3位有名的臣子，分别叫作汲黯、公孙弘和张汤。
这3个人虽然同时在汉武帝手下为臣，但他们的情况却很不一样。
汲黯进京供职时，资历已经很深且官职也已经很高了，而当时的公孙弘和张汤两个人还只不过是个小官，职位低得很。可是由于他们为人处事恰到好处，加上政绩显著，因此，公孙弘和张汤都一步一步地被提拔起来，直到公孙弘封了侯又拜为相国，张汤也升到了御史大夫，两人官职都排在汲黯之上了。
汲黯这个人原本就业绩不及公孙弘、张汤，可他又偏偏心胸狭窄，眼看那两位过去远在自己之下的小官都已官居高位，心里很不服气，总想要找个机会跟皇帝评评这个理。
有一天散朝后，文武大臣们陆续退去，汉武帝慢步踱出宫，正朝着通往御花园的花径走去。
汲黯赶紧趋步上前，对汉武帝说:“陛下，有句话想说给您听，不知是否感兴趣?”
汉武帝回过身停下，说:“不知是何事，不妨说来听听。”
汲黯说:“皇上您见过农人堆积柴草吗?他们总是把先搬来的柴草铺在底层，后搬来的反而放在上面，您不觉得那先搬来的柴草太委屈了吗?”
汉武帝有些不解地看着汲黯说:“你说这些，是什么意思呢?”
汲黯说:“你看，公孙弘、张汤那些小官，论资历论基础都在我之后，可现在他们却一个个后来居上，职位都比我高多了，皇上您提拔官吏不是正和那堆放柴草的农人一样吗?”
几句话说得汉武帝很不高兴，他觉得汲黯如此简单、片面地看问题，是不通情理的。
他本想贬斥汲黯，可又想到汲黯是位老臣，便只好压住火气，什么也没说，拂袖而去。此后，汉武帝对汲黯更是置之不理，他的官职也只好原地踏步了。
后来者居上，原本是客观事物的发展规律，这就要看我们从哪个角度来看这个问题了。汲黯认为提拔人才一定要论资排辈，反对后来居上，是不可取的。
汲黯是西汉武帝时代人，以刚直正义、敢讲真话而受人尊重。他为人和做官都不拘小节，讲求实效。虽然表面上不那么轰轰烈烈，却能把一个郡治理得井井有条，因此，朝廷把他从东海太守调到朝廷当主爵都尉--一种主管地方吏任免的官职。
有一次，汉武帝说要实行儒家的仁义之政，为老百姓办好事了。
没等皇帝把话说完，汲黯就说:“陛下内心里那么贪婪多欲，表面上却要装得实行仁政，这是何苦呢?”一句话把皇帝噎了回去。汉武帝登时脸色大变，宣布罢朝，满朝文武都为汲黯捏着一把汗，担心他会因此招来大祸。武帝回到宫里以后，对身边的人说，汲黯这个人也未免太粗太直了。
从此以后，汲黯的官职再也没有提升。他当主爵都尉的时候，公孙弘、张汤都还是不起眼的小官，后来，他们一个劲儿住上升，公孙弘当上了丞相，张汤做上了御史大夫，可他汲黯还蹲在原地没动窝。有一天，汲黯对武帝说，陛下使用群臣，跟码劈柴一样，是“后来者居上”啊!汉武帝当然听得出这是发牢骚。
于是，转脸对臣下们说:“人真是不能不学习啊!你们听汲黯说话，越来越离谱了!”
故事出自《史记·汲郑列传》。成语“后来居上”，往往指后起的可以胜过先前的。和汲黯说这话的原意，大不相同。
【英译】The Latecomers Surpass the Old-timers
This set phrase is derived from the complaints Ji An made to the emperor。
Ji Anlived at the time of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B。C。-A。D。24)。 He was respected for being upright and just and for daring to speak the truth。
He did not bother about amall matters in personal behaviour and in being an official。 He was particular about actual effects and ,although he did not cause a stir ,he could keep the prefecture he governed in perfect order。
Because of this。 the imperial court transferred him to the central government from being the perfect of the Donghai Prefecture to being a commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officals。
Once,Emperor Wudi said that he would implement the policy of benevolence and justice of Confucianism and would do good turns to the people。
Emperor Wudi Had hardly finished his remards when Ji An said that there was no need for the emperor to say so。Why should the emperor bother,Ji An said, about pretending to implement the policy of benevolence and justice since he was so greedy and avaricious within himself? This choked the emperor off。
The emperor suddenly Changed his countenance and declared the meeting over。 All the civilian and military officers at court were breathless with anxiety for fear that Ji An might bring disaster upon himself because of this。
After returning, Emperor Wudi said to the people around him that Ji An was a little too rude and too straightforward。
For this reason ,Ji An was never promoted again。
When he was the commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officials, both Gongsun Hong and Zhang Tang were low -ranking lfficials of little importance。
Later ,they were promoted continuously。 Gongsun Hong became the prime minister and Zhang Tang became the imperial censor。
However, JiAn's post remained thesame。 One day, Ji An said to Emperor Wudi that the way the emperor used his ministers was just like piling up firewood, which meant that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers。
Of course, Emperor Wudi could see that Ji An was complaining。 So,turning to his ministers, Emperor Wudi said, "It is true that no one can stop learning。
You see, Ji An is making more and more indiscreet remarks。"
This story comes from The Historical Records。
Later generations use the set phrase "the latecomers surpass the old-timers " to indicate that successors can cxcel the predecessors, which is quite different from the original idea when Ji An said that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers。
标签： 历史故事的成语
